如何配置Spring Cloud Alibaba开发环境？

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可以手动从Maven项目进行搭建，后期也可利用Idea工具直接从阿里云官网进行快捷搭建，网址为阿里云Java Initializr，类似SpringBoot的初始化向导Spring Initializr。我们逐层进行搭建。

可以手动从一个 Maven 项目进行搭建，后期也可以利用 Idea 工具直接从阿里云官网进行快捷搭建，网址为Aliyun Java Initializr，类似于 SpringBoot 的初始化向导 Spring Initializr。我们逐层进行演示

一、分布式环境搭建 1. 创建父级 Spring Boot 项目

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--parent中使用的版本管理器一般是自己公司内部的版本管理器，对于第三方的版本管理器一般放在dependencyManagement中--> <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>test</name> <description>test</description> <properties> <java.version>11</java.version> <spring.boot.version>2.6.7</spring.boot.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!--spring-boot版本管理器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>${spring.boot.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> 2. 新建两个模块

新建子模块时最好新建 Maven 项目，因为可以设置父项目。如果新建 Spring Boot Initializr 则默认父项目是 spring-boot-starter-parent

这里以订单模块（order）和仓库模块（stock）为例

假设仓库模块为生产者，订单模块为调用者。当调用订单模块时，订单模块调用仓库模块，使库存减一

项目结构如下：

具体文件：

pom.xml （两个模块的 pom.xml 几乎相同）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId> <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--此处为stock或order(模块名)--> <artifactId>stock</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

StockApplication.java

package com.pushihao; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class StockApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(StockApplication.class, args); } }

StockController.java

package com.pushihao.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("/stock") public class StockController { @GetMapping("reduct") public String reduct() { System.out.println("库存减一"); return "success!"; } }

OrderApplication.java

package com.pushihao; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication public class OrderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args); } @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) { return builder.build(); } }

OrderController.java

package com.pushihao.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @RestController @RequestMapping("/order") public class OrderController { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping("add") public String add() { System.out.println("订单加一"); //result为返回结果 String result = restTemplate.getForObject("localhost:9001/stock/reduct", String.class); return "success!"; } }

至此，一个简单的分布式环境就搭建好了，使用浏览器调用 localhost:9002/order/add 就可以看到结果

二、Spring Cloud Alibaba 环境搭建

可以直接在原有的分布式环境上直接引用 Spring Cloud Alibaba 即可

项目结构如下：

1. 导入 Spring Cloud Alibaba 和 Spring Cloud 的坐标

注意：版本号一定要选对（按照要求）参考 版本说明

稳定版本依赖关系

Spring Cloud Alibaba Version Spring Cloud Version Spring Boot Version 2021.0.1.0 Spring Cloud 2021.0.1 2.6.3 2.2.7.RELEASE Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR12 2.3.12.RELEASE 2021.1 Spring Cloud 2020.0.1 2.4.2 2.2.6.RELEASE Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9 2.3.2.RELEASE 2.1.4.RELEASE Spring Cloud Greenwich.SR6 2.1.13.RELEASE 2.2.1.RELEASE Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR3 2.2.5.RELEASE 2.2.0.RELEASE Spring Cloud Hoxton.RELEASE 2.2.X.RELEASE 2.1.2.RELEASE Spring Cloud Greenwich 2.1.X.RELEASE 2.0.4.RELEASE(停止维护，建议升级) Spring Cloud Finchley 2.0.X.RELEASE 1.5.1.RELEASE(停止维护，建议升级) Spring Cloud Edgware 1.5.X.RELEASE

组件版本关系（一般由Spring Cloud Alibaba 版本管理器直接控制，我们不用关心）

Spring Cloud Alibaba Version Sentinel Version Nacos Version RocketMQ Version Dubbo Version Seata Version 2021.0.1.0* 1.8.3 1.4.2 4.9.2 2.7.15 1.4.2 2.2.7.RELEASE 1.8.1 2.0.3 4.6.1 2.7.13 1.3.0 2.2.6.RELEASE 1.8.1 1.4.2 4.4.0 2.7.8 1.3.0 2021.1 or 2.2.5.RELEASE or 2.1.4.RELEASE or 2.0.4.RELEASE 1.8.0 1.4.1 4.4.0 2.7.8 1.3.0 2.2.3.RELEASE or 2.1.3.RELEASE or 2.0.3.RELEASE 1.8.0 1.3.3 4.4.0 2.7.8 1.3.0 2.2.1.RELEASE or 2.1.2.RELEASE or 2.0.2.RELEASE 1.7.1 1.2.1 4.4.0 2.7.6 1.2.0 2.2.0.RELEASE 1.7.1 1.1.4 4.4.0 2.7.4.1 1.0.0 2.1.1.RELEASE or 2.0.1.RELEASE or 1.5.1.RELEASE 1.7.0 1.1.4 4.4.0 2.7.3 0.9.0 2.1.0.RELEASE or 2.0.0.RELEASE or 1.5.0.RELEASE 1.6.3 1.1.1 4.4.0 2.7.3 0.7.1

这里使用最新稳定版即可

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--parent中使用的版本管理器一般是自己公司内部的版本管理器，对于第三方的版本管理器一般放在dependencyManagement中--> <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <packaging>pom</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <modules> <module>order</module> <module>stock</module> <module>order-nacos</module> <module>stock-nacos</module> </modules> <name>test</name> <description>test</description> <properties> <java.version>11</java.version> <spring.boot.version>2.3.12.RELEASE</spring.boot.version> <spring.cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring.cloud.version> <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</spring.cloud.alibaba.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!--spring-boot版本管理器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>${spring.boot.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <!--spring-cloud版本管理器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <!--spring-cloud-alibaba版本管理器--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> 2.1 新建 stock-nacos 模块

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId> <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>stock-nacos</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--注册与发现--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <configuration> <source>11</source> <target>11</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

application.yml

server: port: 9001 spring: application: name: stock-service cloud: nacos: server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 discovery: username: nacos password: nacos cluster-name: public

StockNacosApplication.java

package com.pushihao; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class StockNacosApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(StockNacosApplication.class, args); } }

StockController.java

package com.pushihao.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("/stock") public class StockController { @GetMapping("reduct") public String reduct() { System.out.println("库存减一"); return "success!"; } } 2.2 新建 order-nacos 模块

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>order-nacos</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <configuration> <source>11</source> <target>11</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

application.yml

server: port: 9001 spring: application: name: order-service cloud: nacos: server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 discovery: username: nacos password: nacos namespace: public # ephemeral: false #是否是临时实例 默认是true（临时实例） 永久实例：哪怕宕机了也不会删除实例

OrderNacosApplication.java

package com.pushihao; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication public class OrderNacosApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosApplication.class, args); } //加上@LoadBalanced就配上了默认的负载均衡器Ribbon @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) { return restTemplateBuilder.build(); } }

OrderController.java

package com.pushihao.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @RestController @RequestMapping("/order") public class OrderController { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping("add") public String add() { System.out.println("下单成功"); //这里就可以把IP地址替换成对应的服务名，调用时就会启用默认的负载均衡机制 String msg = restTemplate.getForObject("stock-service/stock/reduct", String.class); return "success!"; } }

至此 Spring Cloud Alibaba 环境就搭建完毕了

依次启动 nacos 服务器、stock-nacos、order-nacos

浏览器输入 localhost:8848/nacos 在服务管理一栏即可查看注册的微服务

浏览器输入 localhost:9001/order/add 即可查看运行结果

成功！

三、使用 Aliyun Java Initializr 快速构建

可以直接在网页上 Aliyun Java Initializr 进行配置，然后下载初始代码并导入编辑器工具中

不过更多情况下，都是使用 Idea 工具进行快速构建，如下：

以上！