如何用requests库在Python中高效抓取拉勾网招聘数据？

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按F12打开开发者工具，抓包定位到招聘信息接口。在请求中可获取到接口的URL和formData。表单中pn为请求的页数，kd为请求的职位关键词。使用Python构建POST请求：

pythonimport requests

url='招聘信息接口URL'data={ 'first': '值', 'pn': '页数', 'kd': '关键词'}response=requests.post(url, data=data)print(response.text)

按F12打开开发者工具抓包，可以定位到招聘信息的接口

在请求中可以获取到接口的url和formdata，表单中pn为请求的页数，kd为关请求职位的关键字

使用python构建post请求

data = { 'first': 'true', 'pn': '1', 'kd': 'python' } headers = { 'referer': 'www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36' } res = requests.post("www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false", data=data,headers=headers) print(res.text)

发现没有从接口获取到数据

换了个网络后接口还是会返回操作频繁的错误信息，仔细检查后发现这个接口需要一个动态的cookies不然会一值返回错误频繁

data = { 'first': 'true', 'pn': '1', 'kd': 'python' } #头部中必须有user-agent和referer不然不会返回cookies headers = { 'referer': 'www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36' } #通过访问主页获取cookies r1= requests.get("www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput='",headers=headers) #再post请求中传入cookies r2 = requests.post("www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false", data=data,headers=headers, cookies=r2.cookies) print(r2.text)

注意！每请求十次接口cookies也会刷新一次,下面贴上完整爬虫代码

import json import logging import requests #获取cookie def getCookie(): res = requests.get("www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=", headers=headers) return res.cookies #获取json数据 def getPage(i, cookies, kw): data = { 'first': 'true', 'pn': i, 'kd': kw } res = requests.post("www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false", data=data, headers=headers, cookies=cookies) return json.loads(res.text) #合并列表 def reduceList(l): text = "" for i in l: text += i + " " return text.strip() #提取字段并保存到文件中 def saveInCsv(f, data): js = data["content"]["positionResult"]["result"] for node in js: # 对空值进行处理 district = node["district"] if district != None: district = "-" + district else: district = "" f.write( node["positionName"] + "·" + node["city"] + district + "·" + node[ "salary"] + "·" + node["workYear"] + "·" + node["education"] + "·" + reduceList(node["skillLables"]) + "·" + node["companyShortName"] + "·" + node["companySize"] + "·" + node["positionAdvantage"] + "\n") if __name__ == '__main__': #定义头部 headers = { 'referer': 'www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36' } #初始化cookie cookies = getCookie() with open("file.csv", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: for i in range(1, 31): #每十个请求重新获取cookie if (i % 10 == 0): cookies = getCookie() #解析字段并存储 data = getPage(i, cookies, "python") saveInCsv(f, data)

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