如何使用Scrapy结合Selenium完整爬取豆瓣阅读内容？

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首先创建Scrapy项目：命令：`scrapy startproject douban_read`

创建Spider：命令：`scrapy genspider douban_spider url`

网址：`https://read.douban.com/charts`

关键注释：代码中应有注释，如有不足，请多指教。

Scrapy项目目录结构：douban_read/ ├── douban_read/ │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── items.py │ ├── middlewares.py │ ├── pipelines.py │ ├── settings.py │ └── spiders/ │ ├── __init__.py │ └── douban_spider.py ├── scrapy.cfg

首先创建scrapy项目

命令：scrapy startproject douban_read

创建spider

命令：scrapy genspider douban_spider url

网址：read.douban.com/charts

关键注释代码中有，若有不足，请多指教

scrapy项目目录结构如下

douban_spider.py文件代码

爬虫文件

import scrapy import re, json from ..items import DoubanReadItem class DoubanSpiderSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'douban_spider' # allowed_domains = ['www'] start_urls = ['read.douban.com/charts'] def parse(self, response): # print(response.text) # 获取图书分类的url type_urls = response.xpath('//div[@class="rankings-nav"]/a[position()>1]/@href').extract() # print(type_urls) for type_url in type_urls: # /charts?type=unfinished_column&index=featured&dcs=charts&dcm=charts-nav part_param = re.search(r'charts\?(.*?)&dcs', type_url).group(1) # read.douban.com/j/index//charts?type=intermediate_finalized&index=science_fiction&verbose=1 ajax_url = 'read.douban.com/j/index//charts?{}&verbose=1'.format(part_param) yield scrapy.Request(ajax_url, callback=self.parse_ajax, encoding='utf-8', meta={'request_type': 'ajax'}) def parse_ajax(self, response): # print(response.text) # 获取分类中图书的json数据 json_data = json.loads(response.text) for data in json_data['list']: item = DoubanReadItem() item['book_id'] = data['works']['id'] item['book_url'] = data['works']['url'] item['book_title'] = data['works']['title'] item['book_author'] = data['works']['author'] item['book_cover_image'] = data['works']['cover'] item['book_abstract'] = data['works']['abstract'] item['book_wordCount'] = data['works']['wordCount'] item['book_kinds'] = data['works']['kinds'] # 把item yield给Itempipeline yield item

item.py文件代码

项目的目标文件

# Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class DoubanReadItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: book_id = scrapy.Field() book_url = scrapy.Field() book_title = scrapy.Field() book_author = scrapy.Field() book_cover_image = scrapy.Field() book_abstract = scrapy.Field() book_wordCount = scrapy.Field() book_kinds = scrapy.Field()

my_download_middle.py文件代码

所有request都会经过下载中间件，可以通过定制中间件，来完成设置代理，动态设置请求头，自定义下载等操作

import random import time from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities from scrapy.docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html BOT_NAME = 'douban_read' SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban_read.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban_read.spiders' # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent #USER_AGENT = 'douban_read (+www.yourdomain.com)' # Obey robots.txt rules # robot协议 ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default) #COOKIES_ENABLED = False # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False # Override the default request headers: # 默认请求头 DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language': 'en', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.102 Safari/537.36', } # Enable or disable spider middlewares # See docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'douban_read.middlewares.DoubanReadSpiderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # 配置下载器中间件 DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'douban_read.my_download_middle.MymiddleWares': 543, } # Enable or disable extensions # See docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html #EXTENSIONS = { # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None, #} # Configure item pipelines # See docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html # 配置ITEM_PIPELINES ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'douban_read.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300, } # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to # each remote server #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache' #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage' # 配置mongo MONGO_URI = 'localhost' # 创建数据库：douban_read MONGO_DATABASE = 'douban_read'

最后启动该项目即可

scrapy crawl douban_spider

数据就保存到mongo数据库了

总结

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