如何解析Restful_framework中的视图组件代码实例？

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首先，创建一个基本的Django项目，并设置一个表来记录发布记录。然后，编写一个RESTful接口来处理发布记录的增加和查询。

1. 创建Django项目：pythondjango-admin startproject myprojectcd myproject

2. 创建应用：pythonpython manage.py startapp myapp

3. 在`myapp/models.py`中定义`PublishRecord`模型：pythonfrom django.db import models

class PublishRecord(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=100) content=models.TextField() created_at=models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

def __str__(self): return self.title

4. 在`myapp/admin.py`中注册模型：pythonfrom django.contrib import adminfrom .models import PublishRecord

admin.site.register(PublishRecord)

5. 在`myapp/views.py`中创建视图来处理发布记录：pythonfrom django.http import JsonResponsefrom django.views import Viewfrom .models import PublishRecord

class PublishView(View): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): records=PublishRecord.objects.all() return JsonResponse([{'id': record.id, 'title': record.title, 'content': record.content, 'created_at': record.created_at.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} for record in records])

def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): title=request.POST.get('title') content=request.POST.get('content') if title and content: record=PublishRecord.objects.create(title=title, content=content) return JsonResponse({'id': record.id, 'title': record.title, 'content': record.content, 'created_at': record.created_at.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}) return JsonResponse({'error': 'Invalid data'}, status=400)

6. 在`myapp/urls.py`中配置URL路由：pythonfrom django.urls import pathfrom .views import PublishView

urlpatterns=[ path('publish/', PublishView.as_view()), path('publish//', PublishView.as_view()),]

7. 在`myproject/urls.py`中包含应用的路由：pythonfrom django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns=[ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('api/', include('myapp.urls')),]

8. 运行Django开发服务器：pythonpython manage.py runserver

现在，你可以通过访问`http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/publish/`来获取所有发布记录，通过访问`http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/publish//`来获取特定记录，并通过POST请求到`http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/publish/`来添加新的发布记录。

一、基本视图

写一个出版社的增删查改resful接口

要自己事先创建好django项目，并创建好表，添加完记录

路由：

url(r'^publish/$', views.PublishView.as_view()),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),

视图：

from api import modelsfrom rest_framework import serializersfrom rest_framework.response import Responsefrom rest_framework.views import APIView class PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=models.Publish fields='__all__' class PublishView(APIView): 　　#查询出版社表中所有记录 def get(self, request): publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all() bs = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True) # 序列化数据 return Response(bs.data) #返回的结果是列表中套字典 　　 def post(self, request): # 添加一条数据 print(request.data) bs=PublishSerializers(data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() # 生成记录 return Response(bs.data) #返回的是添加成功记录的字典 else: return Response(bs.errors) class PublishDetailView(APIView):　　 #查询某一条数据 def get(self,request,pk): publish_obj=models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=PublishSerializers(publish_obj,many=False) return Response(bs.data)　　 #更新某一条数据 def put(self,request,pk): publish_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=PublishSerializers(data=request.data,instance=publish_obj) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() # update return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors)　　 #删除某一条数据 def delete(self,request,pk): models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() return Response("")

二、mixins类和generic类编写视图

路由：

url(r'^publishes$', views.Publish.as_view()),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.PublishDetail.as_view()),

视图：

from api import models from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView class PublishSer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=models.Publish fields='__all__' class Publish(GenericAPIView,mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin): queryset = models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSer def get(self,request): return self.list(request) #在ListModelMixin下有一个list方法，返回的就是查询的结果:Response(serializer.data) def post(self,request): return self.create(request) #已经封装好了，帮我们做校验和序列化，返回的是添加成功的记录 class PublishDetail(GenericAPIView,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin): queryset = models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSer def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs) def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs): return self.update(request,*args, **kwargs) def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs): return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)

三、使用generic下ListCreateAPIView和RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

路由：

url(r'^publishes$', views.Publish.as_view()),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.PublishDetail.as_view()),

视图：

from api import models from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView from rest_framework import serializers class Publishser(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=models.Publish fields='__all__' class Publish(ListCreateAPIView): queryset = models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = Publishser class PublishDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = Publishser

四、使用ModelViewSet

路由：

url(r'^publish$',views.Publish.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),

视图：

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet from api import models from rest_framework import serializers class Publishser(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=models.Publish fields='__all__' class Publish(ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = Publishser

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