如何实现SpringBoot与Security结合JWT进行RestAPI授权？

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本教程主要详细讲解如何整合SpringBoot+Security并使用JWT进行权限控制的RestAPI开发。涉及基础环境、技术栈、版本及创建项目等步骤。

基础环境：- Java 1.8+- SpringBoot 2.x.x+- Spring Security 5.x+- JWT 0.9.0+

创建项目：使用mvn archetype:generate命令创建项目，参数如下：-DgroupId=com.edurt.sli.slisj-DartifactId=slisj-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart项目初始化完成。

本教程主要详细讲解SpringBoot Security整合JWT授权RestAPI。

基础环境

技术 版本 Java 1.8+ SpringBoot 2.x.x Security 5.x JWT 0.9.0

创建项目

初始化项目

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.edurt.sli.slisj -DartifactId=spring-learn-integration-security-jwt -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -Dversion=1.0.0 -DinteractiveMode=false

修改pom.xml增加security和jwt的支持

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>spring-learn-integration-security</artifactId> <groupId>com.edurt.sli</groupId> <version>1.0.0</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>spring-learn-integration-security-jwt</artifactId> <name>SpringBoot Security整合JWT授权RestAPI</name> <properties> <system.java.version>1.8</system.java.version> <plugin.maven.compiler.version>3.3</plugin.maven.compiler.version> <dependency.springboot2.common.version>2.0.3.RELEASE</dependency.springboot2.common.version> <dependency.lombok.version>1.18.6</dependency.lombok.version> <dependency.jwt.version>0.9.0</dependency.jwt.version> <dependency.jackson.version>2.9.9</dependency.jackson.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <version>${dependency.springboot2.common.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> <version>${dependency.springboot2.common.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>${dependency.jwt.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>${dependency.lombok.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${dependency.jackson.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${dependency.springboot2.common.version}</version> <configuration> <fork>true</fork> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>${plugin.maven.compiler.version}</version> <configuration> <source>${system.java.version}</source> <target>${system.java.version}</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

spring-boot-starter-security启动spring security安全框架

jjwt启动spring security jwt框架支持

一个简单的应用类

/** * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * <p> * www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * <p> * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.edurt.sli.slisj; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * <p> SpringBootSecurityJwtIntegration </p> * <p> Description : SpringBootSecurityJwtIntegration </p> * <p> Author : qianmoQ </p> * <p> Version : 1.0 </p> * <p> Create Time : 2019-11-26 20:45 </p> * <p> Author Email: <a href="mailTo:shichengoooo@163.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >qianmoQ</a> </p> */ @SpringBootApplication @Component(value = "com.edurt.sli.slisj") public class SpringBootSecurityJwtIntegration { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringBootSecurityJwtIntegration.class, args); } }

配置 JWT

在/src/main/java/com/edurt/sli/slisj目录下创建config目录,并在该目录下新建jwt目录,在该目录下新建JwtTokenTemplate工具模板

/** * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * <p> * www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * <p> * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.edurt.sli.slisj.config.jwt; import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims; import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts; import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.Serializable; import java.time.Instant; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * <p> JwtTokenTemplate </p> * <p> Description : JwtTokenTemplate </p> * <p> Author : qianmoQ </p> * <p> Version : 1.0 </p> * <p> Create Time : 2019-11-26 20:49 </p> * <p> Author Email: <a href="mailTo:shichengoooo@163.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >qianmoQ</a> </p> */ @Component public class JwtTokenTemplate implements Serializable { private static final String CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME = "sub"; private static final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 432000000; private static final String SECRET = "secret"; public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) { Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(16); claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME, userDetails.getUsername()); return Jwts.builder() .setClaims(claims) .setExpiration(new Date(Instant.now().toEpochMilli() + EXPIRATION_TIME)) .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET) .compact(); } public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) { User user = (User) userDetails; String username = getUsernameFromToken(token); return (username.equals(user.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token)); } public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) { Date expiration = getExpirationDateFromToken(token); return expiration.before(new Date()); } public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) { String username = getClaimsFromToken(token).getSubject(); return username; } public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) { Date expiration = getClaimsFromToken(token).getExpiration(); return expiration; } private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) { Claims claims = Jwts.parser() .setSigningKey(SECRET) .parseClaimsJws(token) .getBody(); return claims; } }

在jwt该目录下新建JwtTokenFilter过滤器

/** * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * <p> * www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * <p> * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.edurt.sli.slisj.config.jwt; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken; import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * <p> * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.edurt.sli.slisj.config; import com.edurt.sli.slisj.config.jwt.JwtTokenFilter; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * <p> * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.edurt.sli.slisj.config; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.ArrayList; /** * <p> JwtUserDetailsService </p> * <p> Description : JwtUserDetailsService </p> * <p> Author : qianmoQ </p> * <p> Version : 1.0 </p> * <p> Create Time : 2019-11-26 20:54 </p> * <p> Author Email: <a href="mailTo:shichengoooo@163.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >qianmoQ</a> </p> */ @Service public class JwtUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { @Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String userName) throws UsernameNotFoundException { if (userName.equals("admin")) { return new User("admin", "$2a$10$slYQmyNdGzTn7ZLBXBChFOC9f6kFjAqPhccnP6DxlWXx2lPk1C3G6", new ArrayList<>()); } return null; } }

在resources资源目录下创建一个application.properties的配置文件,内容如下

server.port=8989

创建授权参数

在/src/main/java/com/edurt/sli/slisj目录下创建param目录,并在该目录下新建JwtParam文件

/** * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * <p> * www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * <p> * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.edurt.sli.slisj.param; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import lombok.ToString; /** * <p> JwtParam </p> * <p> Description : JwtParam </p> * <p> Author : qianmoQ </p> * <p> Version : 1.0 </p> * <p> Create Time : 2019-11-26 20:59 </p> * <p> Author Email: <a href="mailTo:shichengoooo@163.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >qianmoQ</a> </p> */ @Data @ToString @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class JwtParam { private String username; private String password; }

创建授权接口

在/src/main/java/com/edurt/sli/slisj目录下创建controller目录,并在该目录下新建HelloJwtController文件

/** * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * <p> * www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * <p> * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.edurt.sli.slisj.controller; import com.edurt.sli.slisj.config.JwtUserDetailsService; import com.edurt.sli.slisj.config.jwt.JwtTokenTemplate; import com.edurt.sli.slisj.param.JwtParam; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager; import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken; import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication; import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException; import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; /** * <p> HelloJwtController </p> * <p> Description : HelloJwtController </p> * <p> Author : qianmoQ </p> * <p> Version : 1.0 </p> * <p> Create Time : 2019-11-26 20:58 </p> * <p> Author Email: <a href="mailTo:shichengoooo@163.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >qianmoQ</a> </p> */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "auth") public class HelloJwtController { @Autowired private JwtTokenTemplate jwtTokenTemplate; @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private JwtUserDetailsService userDetailsService; @PostMapping(value = "login") public String login(@RequestBody JwtParam body) throws AuthenticationException { UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(body.getUsername(), body.getPassword()); Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationToken); SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(body.getUsername()); return jwtTokenTemplate.generateToken(userDetails); } @GetMapping(value = "hello") public String hello() { return "Hello Jwt!!!"; } }

校验授权

在控制台输入以下命令(未授权时)

curl -X GET 'localhost:8989/auth/hello'

会出现以下错误信息

{ "timestamp": "2019-11-26T13:05:05.204+0000", "status": 403, "error": "Forbidden", "message": "Access Denied", "path": "/auth/hello" }

提示我们未授权,这时我们使用/auth/login去获得授权的token

curl -X POST '127.0.0.1:8989/auth/login' --header 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"username": "admin", "password": "password"}'

返回以下token信息

eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImV4cCI6MTU3NTIwNTg4OH0.zc3JTsIHIZSmi-hrgCB1AKrrjVWtnWB4YJjOhzml2k9qRdTGdoDYKM1XriQIAInvIrTDDkpozT4Ny58Wcpm4JA

这时我们使用返回的token进行访问/auth/hello接口获取数据

curl -X GET '127.0.0.1:8989/auth/hello' --header 'Authorization: eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImV4cCI6MTU3NTIwNTg4OH0.zc3JTsIHIZSmi-hrgCB1AKrrjVWtnWB4YJjOhzml2k9qRdTGdoDYKM1XriQIAInvIrTDDkpozT4Ny58Wcpm4JA'

返回以下信息

Hello Jwt!!!

此时我们已经完成JWT授权配置

打包文件部署

打包数据

mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -X

运行打包后的文件即可

java -jar target/spring-learn-integration-security-jwt-1.0.0.jar

源码地址

• GitHub
• Gitee

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