如何解决npm安装时node-gyp报错的问题？

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目录+NPM+相关命令，报错+node-gyp+的解决方法+相关的异常信息+通用的解决方案

1.在线安装，适合拥有纯净Windows+开发环境的用户（未安装Python、Visual Studio等）

2.手动安装，针对已安装相关工具的用户

目录

• NPM 相关命令，报错 node-gyp… 的解决方法
• 相关的异常信息
• 通用的解决方案
• 1. 在线安装，适合拥有纯净 Windows 开发环境的用户（没有安装过 Python, Visual Studio 等…）
• 2. 手动安装，针对拥有非纯净 Windows 开发环境的老鸟（安装过 Python, Visual Studio 等…）
• 查看 NPM 全局配置
• 总结

NPM 相关命令，报错 node-gyp… 的解决方法

'node-gyp-build' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.

npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed Error: not found: python2

…

相关的异常信息

> node-gyp-build

errorOut='node-gyp-build' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! utf-8-validate@5.0.9 install: `node-gyp-build`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the utf-8-validate@5.0.9 install script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR! D:\app\nodejs\npm-cache\_logs\2022-06-10T00_53_04_766Z-debug.log

command='D:\app\nodejs\node.exe' 'D:\app\nvm\v14.7.0\node_modules\npm\bin\npm-cli.js' rebuild utf-8-validate@5.0.9
workingDir=
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! lx-music-desktop@1.22.0-beta pack:dir: `node build-config/pack.js && electron-builder --dir`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the lx-music-desktop@1.22.0-beta pack:dir script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR! D:\app\nodejs\npm-cache\_logs\2022-06-10T00_53_04_842Z-debug.log

通用的解决方案

1. 在线安装，适合拥有纯净 Windows 开发环境的用户（没有安装过 Python, Visual Studio 等…）

# 全局设置淘宝镜像（配置过的老鸟可忽略此步骤） $ npm config set registry registry.npm.taobao.org # 单次使用淘宝镜像（会使用的老鸟可忽略此步骤） $ npm install -g node-gyp --registry=registry.npm.taobao.org $ npm install -g --production windows-build-tools --registry=registry.npm.taobao.org

2. 手动安装，针对拥有非纯净 Windows 开发环境的老鸟（安装过 Python, Visual Studio 等…）

重点注意： 等到 Starting installation... 命令字样出现后，立马 Ctrl + C 终止后面的安装过程
!!! 因为我们必须自定义安装这两个新环境，才能不影响我们系统中已安装的 python 和 vs 等环境。

巧妙获取 python2 和 msvs_version 相关版本的安装包

$ npm install --global --production windows-build-tools npm WARN deprecated windows-build-tools@5.2.2: Node.js now includes build tools for Windows. You probably no longer need this tool. See github.com/felixrieseberg/windows-build-tools for details. npm WARN deprecated request@2.88.2: request has been deprecated, see github.com/request/request/issues/3142 npm WARN deprecated har-validator@5.1.5: this library is no longer supported npm WARN deprecated uuid@3.4.0: Please upgrade to version 7 or higher. Older versions may use Math.random() in certain circumstances, which is known to be problematic. See v8.dev/blog/math-random for details. > windows-build-tools@5.2.2 postinstall D:\app\nodejs\node_global\node_modules\windows-build-tools > node ./dist/index.js Downloading python-2.7.15.amd64.msi [============================================>] 100.0% of 20.2 MB (9 MB/s) Downloaded python-2.7.15.amd64.msi. Saved to C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools\python-2.7.15.amd64.msi. Downloading vs_BuildTools.exe [============================================>] 100.0% of 1.12 MB (1.12 MB/s) Downloaded vs_BuildTools.exe. Saved to C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools\vs_BuildTools.exe. Starting installation... Launched installers, now waiting for them to finish. This will likely take some time - please be patient! Status from the installers: ---------- Visual Studio Build Tools ---------- Still waiting for installer log file... ------------------- Python -------------------- Still waiting for installer log file...^C

手动安装 python2 和 msvs_version 到自定义目录

# 静默安装 python2 到指定的目录 Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19044.1706] (c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools>msiexec /a C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools\python-2.7.15.amd64.msi /quiet TargetDir="C:/app/pvm/v2.7.15" # 静默安装 vs_BuildTools 到默认的目录 C:\Users\cpw\.windows-build-tools>vs_BuildTools.exe /quiet PrependPath=0 Include_launcher=0 Include_test=0 Include_tcltk=0 Shortcuts=0

全局设置 python2 和 msvs_version 环境变量

# 全局设置 python2 环境变量 $ npm config set python2 "C:\Python27\python.exe" # 全局设置 buildTools 环境变量 $ npm config set msvs_version "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\BuildTools"

查看 NPM 全局配置

$ npm config list -g ; cli configs global = true metrics-registry = "registry.npm.taobao.org/" scope = "" user-agent = "npm/6.14.13 node/v14.17.0 win32 x64" ; userconfig C:\Users\cpw\.npmrc CHROMEDRIVER_CDNURL = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver" ELECTRON_BUILDER_BINARIES_MIRROR = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/" ELECTRON_MIRROR = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron/" NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node" OPERADRIVER = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/operadriver" PYTHON_MIRROR = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/python" cache = "D:\\app\\nodejs\\npm-cache" chromedriver_cdnurl = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver" electron-builder-binaries_mirror = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron-builder-binaries/" electron_mirror = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron/" msvs_version = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools" node_sqlite3_binary_host_mirror = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors" phantomjs_cdnurl = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/phantomjs" prefix = "D:\\app\\nodejs\\node_global" python = "‪D:\\app\\pvm\\v2.7.15\\python.exe" registry = "registry.npm.taobao.org/" sass_binary_site = "npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node-sass/" strict-ssl = false ; node bin location = D:\app\nodejs\node.exe ; cwd = D:\code\NodejsProjects\lx-music-desktop ; HOME = C:\Users\cpw ; "npm config ls -l" to show all defaults.

总结

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