如何解决Ruby on Rails 3.2版本中rake编译出现的具体问题？

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无法将代码推送到Heroku！错误消息显示：未初始化的常量Haml::Util::Sass（相同的代码和库两天前工作正常！）编译失败，在application.rb这一行上：

+Bundler.require(:assets=%w(development))

突然不能推到Heroku！错误消息说：

uninitialized constant Haml::Util::Sass

(相同的代码和库在2天前工作正常！)

编译显然在这行application.rb上失败了：

Bundler.require(*Rails.groups(:assets => %w(development test)))

在尝试编译时,我得到了这个：

Could not detect rake tasks ensure you can run $bundle exec
rake -P against your app with no environment variables present and
using the production group of your Gemfile. This may be
intentional, if you expected rake tasks to be run cancel the build
(CTRL+C) and fix the error then commit the fix: rake aborted!
uninitialized constant Haml::Util::Sass

完整堆栈跟踪：

/tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/haml-3.1.6/lib/haml/util.rb:348:in `try_sass' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/haml-3.1.6/lib/sass/rails3_shim.rb:1:in `<top (required)>' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/sass-3.3.2/lib/sass/root.rb:1:in `<top (required)>' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/sass-3.3.2/lib/sass/util.rb:10:in `<top (required)>' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/sass-3.3.2/lib/sass/version.rb:2:in `<top (required)>' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/haml-3.1.6/lib/haml/util.rb:347:in `try_sass' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/haml-3.1.6/lib/sass.rb:6:in `<top (required)>' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/bundler-1.5.2/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:76:in `require' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/bundler-1.5.2/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:76:in `block (2 levels) in require' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/bundler-1.5.2/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:72:in `each' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/bundler-1.5.2/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:72:in `block in require' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/bundler-1.5.2/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:61:in `each' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/bundler-1.5.2/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:61:in `require' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/bundler-1.5.2/lib/bundler.rb:131:in `require' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/config/application.rb:7:i n `<top (required)>' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/Rakefile:5:in `require' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/Rakefile:5:in `<top (requ ired)>' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:25:in `load' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:25:in `load_rakefile' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:583:in `raw_load_rakefile' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:89:in `block in load_rakefile' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:160:in `standard_exception_handling' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:88:in `load_rakefile' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:72:in `block in run' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:160:in `standard_exception_handling' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:70:in `run' /tmp/build_ae51e5ec-bc73-4105-bce5-33edbe8bee32/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/ gems/rake-10.0.3/bin/rake:33:in `<top (required)>' vendor/bundle/bin/rake:16:in `load' vendor/bundle/bin/rake:16:in `<main>' -----> WARNINGS: Injecting plugin 'rails_log_stdout' Injecting plugin 'rails3_serve_static_assets' Add 'rails_12factor' gem to your Gemfile to skip plugin injection Removing `Gemfile.lock` because it was generated on Windows. Bundler will do a full resolve so native gems are handled properly. This may result in unexpected gem versions being used in your app. In rare occasions Bundler may not be able to resolve your dependencies at all. devcenter.heroku.com/articles/bundler-windows-gemfile -----> Discovering process types Procfile declares types -> (none) Default types for Ruby -> console, rake, web, worker

的Gemfile：

source 'rubygems.org' ruby "1.9.3" gem 'rails', '3.2.11' gem 'useragent' gem 'rubyzip', '~> 1.0.0' gem 'vpim' gem 'ri_cal' gem "geocoder" gem 'sass' gem 'haml', '3.1.6' gem 'settingslogic', '~> 2.0.8' gem 'devise', '2.1.2' gem 'omniauth', '1.1.0' gem 'omniauth-facebook', '1.4.1' gem 'omniauth-twitter' gem 'omniauth-linkedin' gem "omniauth-google", "~> 1.0.2" gem 'paperclip', '~> 3.3.0' gem 'aws-s3', '~> 0.6.3' gem 'aws-sdk', '~> 1.6.9' gem 'delayed_job_active_record', '0.4.4' gem "fb_graph", '2.4.19' gem "linkedin" gem "twitter" gem "nokogiri", "~> 1.5.5" gem "gdata", :git=> "github.com/agentrock/gdata.git" gem 'acts_as_api', "0.4.1" gem "rails_admin" gem "meta_search", "~> 1.1.3" gem "possessive", "~> 1.0.1" gem "rake", "10.0.3" gem 'newrelic_rpm' gem "json", "1.7.7" gem "omniauth-google-oauth2" gem "google-api-client", :require => 'google/api_client' gem "rest-client", "~> 1.6.7" gem "customerio" group :assets do gem 'sass-rails', '~> 3.2.3' gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.2.1' gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3' end gem 'jquery-rails', '~> 2.1' gem 'jquery-ui-rails', '~> 2.0.0' gem 'jquery-fileupload-rails','~> 0.3.5' group :development, :test do gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 2.13.0' gem 'factory_girl_rails', '4.0.0' gem "spork", "~> 0.9.2" gem 'hoe', '~> 3.4.0' end group :test do gem "shoulda", ">=3.0.1" gem 'shoulda-matchers', "1.4.0" gem 'faker' gem 'capybara' gem 'guard-rspec' gem 'launchy' end group :development do gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.7' end group :staging, :production do gem 'pg', '0.13.2' end 你正在使用haml 3.1.6,这是在这个版本的sass上打破.

最好的解决方法是更新到最新版本的haml 4.0.x：

$bundle update haml haml-rails