如何构建基于Python unittest和requests的接口自动化测试框架？

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如何构建基于Python unittest和requests的接口自动化测试框架？

1. 使用Python的unittest和requests库，结合HTMLTestRunner，搭建完整的接口自动化测试框架_00——框架结构简要+初步配置，创建良好的开发环境，下载安装Python并安装pycharm，在pycharm中创建项目功能目录。

一、Python+unittest+requests+HTMLTestRunner 完整的接口自动化测试框架搭建_00——框架结构简解

首先配置好开发环境，下载安装Python并下载安装pycharm，在pycharm中创建项目功能目录。如果不会的可以百度Google一下，该内容网上的讲解还是比较多比较全的！

大家可以先简单了解下该项目的目录结构介绍，后面会针对每个文件有详细注解和代码。

common：

——configDb.py：这个文件主要编写数据库连接池的相关内容，本项目暂未考虑使用数据库来存储读取数据，此文件可忽略，或者不创建。本人是留着以后如果有相关操作时，方便使用。

——configEmail.py：这个文件主要是配置发送邮件的主题、正文等，将测试报告发送并抄送到相关人邮箱的逻辑。

——configHttp.py：这个文件主要来通过get、post、put、delete等方法来进行127.0.0.1:8888/login?name=xiaoming&pwd=11199回车，验证我们的接口服务是否正常~

变更我们的参数，查看不同的响应结果确认接口服务一切正常

三、Python+unittest+requests+HTMLTestRunner完整的接口自动化测试框架搭建_02——配置文件读取

在我们第二讲中，我们已经通过flask这个web框架创建好了我们用于测试的接口服务，因此我们可以把这个接口抽出来一些参数放到配置文件，然后通过一个读取配置文件的方法，方便后续的使用。同样还有邮件的相关配置~

按第一讲的目录创建好config.ini文件，打开该文件写入如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- [HTTP] scheme = 127.0.0.1:8888/login', {'name': 'xiaoming','pwd':'111'}) result2 = RunMain().run_main('get', '127.0.0.1:8888/login', 'name=xiaoming&pwd=111') print(result1) print(result2)

执行该文件，验证结果正确性：

我们发现和浏览器中进行请求该接口，得到的结果一致，说明没有问题，一切OK

六、Python+unittest+requests+HTMLTestRunner完整的接口自动化测试框架搭建_05——参数动态化

在上一讲中，我们写了针对我们的接口服务，设计的三种测试用例，使用写死的参数（result = RunMain().run_main('post', '127.0.0.1:8888/login', 'name=xiaoming&pwd=')）来进行requests请求。本讲中我们写一个类，来用于分别获取这些参数，来第一讲的目录创建geturlParams.py，geturlParams.py文件中的内容如下：

import readConfig as readConfig readconfig = readConfig.ReadConfig() class geturlParams():# 定义一个方法，将从配置文件中读取的进行拼接 def get_Url(self): new_url = readconfig.get_' + readconfig.get_127.0.0.1:8888/login?和我们请求的一致

七、Python+unittest+requests+HTMLTestRunner完整的接口自动化测试框架搭建_06——unittest断言

以上的我们都准备好了，剩下的该写我们的unittest断言测试case了，在testCase下创建test01case.py文件，文件中内容如下：

import json import unittest from common.configHttp import RunMain import paramunittest import geturlParams import urllib.parse # import pythoncom import readExcel # pythoncom.CoInitialize() url = geturlParams.geturlParams().get_Url()# 调用我们的geturlParams获取我们拼接的URL login_xls = readExcel.readExcel().get_xls('userCase.xlsx', 'login') @paramunittest.parametrized(*login_xls) class testUserLogin(unittest.TestCase): def setParameters(self, case_name, path, query, method): """ set params :param case_name: :param path :param query :param method :return: """ self.case_name = str(case_name) self.path = str(path) self.query = str(query) self.method = str(method) def description(self): """ test report description :return: """ self.case_name def setUp(self): """ :return: """ print(self.case_name+"测试开始前准备") def test01case(self): self.checkResult() def tearDown(self): print("测试结束，输出log完结\n\n") def checkResult(self):# 断言 """ check test result :return: """ url1 = "www.xxx.com/login?" new_url = url1 + self.query data1 = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(urllib.parse.urlsplit(new_url).query))# 将一个完整的URL中的name=&pwd=转换为{'name':'xxx','pwd':'bbb'} info = RunMain().run_main(self.method, url, data1)# 根据Excel中的method调用run_main来进行requests请求，并拿到响应 ss = json.loads(info)# 将响应转换为字典格式 if self.case_name == 'login':# 如果case_name是login，说明合法，返回的code应该为200 self.assertEqual(ss['code'], 200) if self.case_name == 'login_error':# 同上 self.assertEqual(ss['code'], -1) if self.case_name == 'login_null':# 同上 self.assertEqual(ss['code'], 10001)

八、Python+unittest+requests+HTMLTestRunner完整的接口自动化测试框架搭建_07——HTMLTestRunner

按我的目录结构，在common下创建HTMLTestRunner.py文件，内容如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ A TestRunner for use with the Python unit testing framework. It generates a HTML report to show the result at a glance. The simplest way to use this is to invoke its main method. E.g. import unittest import HTMLTestRunner ... define your tests ... if __name__ == '__main__': HTMLTestRunner.main() For more customization options, instantiates a HTMLTestRunner object. HTMLTestRunner is a counterpart to unittest's TextTestRunner. E.g. # output to a file fp = file('my_report.html', 'wb') runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner( stream=fp, title='My unit test', description='This demonstrates the report output by HTMLTestRunner.' ) # Use an external stylesheet. # See the Template_mixin class for more customizable options runner.STYLESHEET_TMPL = '<link rel="stylesheet" href="my_stylesheet.css" type="text/css">' # run the test runner.run(my_test_suite) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Copyright (c) 2004-2007, Wai Yip Tung All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name Wai Yip Tung nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. """ # URL: tungwaiyip.info/software/HTMLTestRunner.html __author__ = "Wai Yip Tung" __version__ = "0.9.1" """ Change History Version 0.9.1 * 用Echarts添加执行情况统计图 (灰蓝) Version 0.9.0 * 改成Python 3.x (灰蓝) Version 0.8.3 * 使用 Bootstrap稍加美化 (灰蓝) * 改为中文 (灰蓝) Version 0.8.2 * Show output inline instead of popup window (Viorel Lupu). Version in 0.8.1 * Validated XHTML (Wolfgang Borgert). * Added description of test classes and test cases. Version in 0.8.0 * Define Template_mixin class for customization. * Workaround a IE 6 bug that it does not treat <script> block as CDATA. Version in 0.7.1 * Back port to Python 2.3 (Frank Horowitz). * Fix missing scroll bars in detail log (Podi). """ # TODO: color stderr # TODO: simplify javascript using ,ore than 1 class in the class attribute? import datetime import sys import io import time import unittest from xml.sax import saxutils # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The redirectors below are used to capture output during testing. Output # sent to sys.stdout and sys.stderr are automatically captured. However # in some cases sys.stdout is already cached before HTMLTestRunner is # invoked (e.g. calling logging.basicConfig). In order to capture those # output, use the redirectors for the cached stream. # # e.g. # >>> logging.basicConfig(stream=HTMLTestRunner.stdout_redirector) # >>> class OutputRedirector(object): """ Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """ def __init__(self, fp): self.fp = fp def write(self, s): self.fp.write(s) def writelines(self, lines): self.fp.writelines(lines) def flush(self): self.fp.flush() stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout) stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr) # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template class Template_mixin(object): """ Define a HTML template for report customerization and generation. Overall structure of an HTML report HTML +------------------------+ |<html> | | <head> | | | | STYLESHEET | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | </head> | | | | <body> | | | | HEADING | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | REPORT | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | ENDING | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | </body> | |</html> | +------------------------+ """ STATUS = { 0: u'通过', 1: u'失败', 2: u'错误', } DEFAULT_TITLE = 'Unit Test Report' DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = '' # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # HTML Template HTML_TMPL = r"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>%(title)s</title> <meta name="generator" content="%(generator)s"/> <meta cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="img.558idc.com/uploadfile/allimg/210402/210Q21291-13.jpg"></script>  %(stylesheet)s </head> <body> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="div_base"> %(heading)s %(report)s %(ending)s %(chart_script)s </div> </body> </html> """ # variables: (title, generator, stylesheet, heading, report, ending, chart_script) ECHARTS_SCRIPT = """ <script type="text/javascript"> // 基于准备好的dom，初始化echarts实例 var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById('chart')); // 指定图表的配置项和数据 var option = { title : { text: '测试执行情况', x:'center' }, tooltip : { trigger: 'item', formatter: "{a} <br/>{b} : {c} ({d}%%)" }, color: ['#95b75d', 'grey', '#b64645'], legend: { orient: 'vertical', left: 'left', data: ['通过','失败','错误'] }, series : [ { name: '测试执行情况', type: 'pie', radius : '60%%', center: ['50%%', '60%%'], data:[ {value:%(Pass)s, name:'通过'}, {value:%(fail)s, name:'失败'}, {value:%(error)s, name:'错误'} ], itemStyle: { emphasis: { shadowBlur: 10, shadowOffsetX: 0, shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)' } } } ] }; // 使用刚指定的配置项和数据显示图表。 myChart.setOption(option); </script> """ # variables: (Pass, fail, error) # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Stylesheet # # alternatively use a <link> for external style sheet, e.g. # <link rel="stylesheet" href="$url" type="text/css"> STYLESHEET_TMPL = """ <style type="text/css" media="screen"> body { font-family: Microsoft YaHei,Consolas,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 80%; } table { font-size: 100%; } pre { white-space: pre-wrap;word-wrap: break-word; } /* -- heading ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ h1 { font-size: 16pt; color: gray; } .heading { margin-top: 0ex; margin-bottom: 1ex; } .heading .attribute { margin-top: 1ex; margin-bottom: 0; } .heading .description { margin-top: 2ex; margin-bottom: 3ex; } /* -- css div popup ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ a.popup_link { } a.popup_link:hover { color: red; } .popup_window { display: none; position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; /*border: solid #627173 1px; */ padding: 10px; /*background-color: #E6E6D6; */ font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; text-align: left; font-size: 8pt; /* width: 500px;*/ } } /* -- report ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ #show_detail_line { margin-top: 3ex; margin-bottom: 1ex; } #result_table { width: 99%; } #header_row { font-weight: bold; color: #303641; background-color: #ebebeb; } #total_row { font-weight: bold; } .passClass { background-color: #bdedbc; } .failClass { background-color: #ffefa4; } .errorClass { background-color: #ffc9c9; } .passCase { color: #6c6; } .failCase { color: #FF6600; font-weight: bold; } .errorCase { color: #c00; font-weight: bold; } .hiddenRow { display: none; } .testcase { margin-left: 2em; } /* -- ending ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ #ending { } #div_base { position:absolute; top:0%; left:5%; right:5%; width: auto; height: auto; margin: -15px 0 0 0; } </style> """ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Heading # HEADING_TMPL = """ <div class='page-header'> <h1>%(title)s</h1> %(parameters)s </div> <div style="float: left;width:50%%;"><p class='description'>%(description)s</p></div> <div id="chart" style="width:50%%;height:400px;float:left;"></div> """ # variables: (title, parameters, description) HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL = """<p class='attribute'><strong>%(name)s:</strong> %(value)s</p> """ # variables: (name, value) # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Report # REPORT_TMPL = u""" <div class="btn-group btn-group-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(0)'>总结</button> <button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(1)'>失败</button> <button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(2)'>全部</button> </div> <p></p> <table id='result_table' class="table table-bordered"> <colgroup> <col align='left' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> </colgroup> <tr id='header_row'> <td>测试套件/测试用例</td> <td>总数</td> <td>通过</td> <td>失败</td> <td>错误</td> <td>查看</td> </tr> %(test_list)s <tr id='total_row'> <td>总计</td> <td>%(count)s</td> <td>%(Pass)s</td> <td>%(fail)s</td> <td>%(error)s</td> <td> </td> </tr> </table> """ # variables: (test_list, count, Pass, fail, error) REPORT_CLASS_TMPL = u""" <tr class='%(style)s'> <td>%(desc)s</td> <td>%(count)s</td> <td>%(Pass)s</td> <td>%(fail)s</td> <td>%(error)s</td> <td><a href="javascript:showClassDetail('%(cid)s',%(count)s)">详情</a></td> </tr> """ # variables: (style, desc, count, Pass, fail, error, cid) REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL = r""" <tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'> <td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td> <td colspan='5' align='center'>  <a class="popup_link" onfocus='this.blur();' href="javascript:showTestDetail('div_%(tid)s')" > %(status)s</a> <div id='div_%(tid)s' class="popup_window"> <pre>%(script)s</pre> </div>  </td> </tr> """ # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status) REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL = r""" <tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'> <td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td> <td colspan='5' align='center'>%(status)s</td> </tr> """ # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status) REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""%(id)s: %(output)s""" # variables: (id, output) # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # ENDING # ENDING_TMPL = """<div id='ending'> </div>""" # -------------------- The end of the Template class ------------------- TestResult = unittest.TestResult class _TestResult(TestResult): # note: _TestResult is a pure representation of results. # It lacks the output and reporting ability compares to unittest._TextTestResult. def __init__(self, verbosity=1): TestResult.__init__(self) self.stdout0 = None self.stderr0 = None self.success_count = 0 self.failure_count = 0 self.error_count = 0 self.verbosity = verbosity # result is a list of result in 4 tuple # ( # result code (0: success; 1: fail; 2: error), # TestCase object, # Test output (byte string), # stack trace, # ) self.result = [] self.subtestlist = [] def startTest(self, test): TestResult.startTest(self, test) # just one buffer for both stdout and stderr self.outputBuffer = io.StringIO() stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer self.stdout0 = sys.stdout self.stderr0 = sys.stderr sys.stdout = stdout_redirector sys.stderr = stderr_redirector def complete_output(self): """ Disconnect output redirection and return buffer. Safe to call multiple times. """ if self.stdout0: sys.stdout = self.stdout0 sys.stderr = self.stderr0 self.stdout0 = None self.stderr0 = None return self.outputBuffer.getvalue() def stopTest(self, test): # Usually one of addSuccess, addError or addFailure would have been called. # But there are some path in unittest that would bypass this. # We must disconnect stdout in stopTest(), which is guaranteed to be called. self.complete_output() def addSuccess(self, test): if test not in self.subtestlist: self.success_count += 1 TestResult.addSuccess(self, test) output = self.complete_output() self.result.append((0, test, output, '')) if self.verbosity > 1: sys.stderr.write('ok ') sys.stderr.write(str(test)) sys.stderr.write('\n') else: sys.stderr.write('.') def addError(self, test, err): self.error_count += 1 TestResult.addError(self, test, err) _, _exc_str = self.errors[-1] output = self.complete_output() self.result.append((2, test, output, _exc_str)) if self.verbosity > 1: sys.stderr.write('E ') sys.stderr.write(str(test)) sys.stderr.write('\n') else: sys.stderr.write('E') def addFailure(self, test, err): self.failure_count += 1 TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err) _, _exc_str = self.failures[-1] output = self.complete_output() self.result.append((1, test, output, _exc_str)) if self.verbosity > 1: sys.stderr.write('F ') sys.stderr.write(str(test)) sys.stderr.write('\n') else: sys.stderr.write('F') def addSubTest(self, test, subtest, err): if err is not None: if getattr(self, 'failfast', False): self.stop() if issubclass(err[0], test.failureException): self.failure_count += 1 errors = self.failures errors.append((subtest, self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest))) output = self.complete_output() self.result.append((1, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Failed:\n' + str(subtest), self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest))) if self.verbosity > 1: sys.stderr.write('F ') sys.stderr.write(str(subtest)) sys.stderr.write('\n') else: sys.stderr.write('F') else: self.error_count += 1 errors = self.errors errors.append((subtest, self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest))) output = self.complete_output() self.result.append( (2, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Error:\n' + str(subtest), self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest))) if self.verbosity > 1: sys.stderr.write('E ') sys.stderr.write(str(subtest)) sys.stderr.write('\n') else: sys.stderr.write('E') self._mirrorOutput = True else: self.subtestlist.append(subtest) self.subtestlist.append(test) self.success_count += 1 output = self.complete_output() self.result.append((0, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Pass:\n' + str(subtest), '')) if self.verbosity > 1: sys.stderr.write('ok ') sys.stderr.write(str(subtest)) sys.stderr.write('\n') else: sys.stderr.write('.') class HTMLTestRunner(Template_mixin): def __init__(self, stream=sys.stdout, verbosity=1, title=None, description=None): self.stream = stream self.verbosity = verbosity if title is None: self.title = self.DEFAULT_TITLE else: self.title = title if description is None: self.description = self.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION else: self.description = description self.startTime = datetime.datetime.now() def run(self, test): "Run the given test case or test suite." result = _TestResult(self.verbosity) test(result) self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now() self.generateReport(test, result) print('\nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime - self.startTime), file=sys.stderr) return result def sortResult(self, result_list): # unittest does not seems to run in any particular order. # Here at least we want to group them together by class. rmap = {} classes = [] for n, t, o, e in result_list: cls = t.__class__ if cls not in rmap: rmap[cls] = [] classes.append(cls) rmap[cls].append((n, t, o, e)) r = [(cls, rmap[cls]) for cls in classes] return r def getReportAttributes(self, result): """ Return report attributes as a list of (name, value). Override this to add custom attributes. """ startTime = str(self.startTime)[:19] duration = str(self.stopTime - self.startTime) status = [] if result.success_count: status.append(u'通过 %s' % result.success_count) if result.failure_count: status.append(u'失败 %s' % result.failure_count) if result.error_count: status.append(u'错误 %s' % result.error_count) if status: status = ' '.join(status) else: status = 'none' return [ (u'开始时间', startTime), (u'运行时长', duration), (u'状态', status), ] def generateReport(self, test, result): report_attrs = self.getReportAttributes(result) generator = 'HTMLTestRunner %s' % __version__ stylesheet = self._generate_stylesheet() heading = self._generate_heading(report_attrs) report = self._generate_report(result) ending = self._generate_ending() chart = self._generate_chart(result) output = self.HTML_TMPL % dict( title=saxutils.escape(self.title), generator=generator, stylesheet=stylesheet, heading=heading, report=report, ending=ending, chart_script=chart ) self.stream.write(output.encode('utf8')) def _generate_stylesheet(self): return self.STYLESHEET_TMPL def _generate_heading(self, report_attrs): a_lines = [] for name, value in report_attrs: line = self.HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL % dict( name=saxutils.escape(name), value=saxutils.escape(value), ) a_lines.append(line) heading = self.HEADING_TMPL % dict( title=saxutils.escape(self.title), parameters=''.join(a_lines), description=saxutils.escape(self.description), ) return heading def _generate_report(self, result): rows = [] sortedResult = self.sortResult(result.result) for cid, (cls, cls_results) in enumerate(sortedResult): # subtotal for a class np = nf = ne = 0 for n, t, o, e in cls_results: if n == 0: np += 1 elif n == 1: nf += 1 else: ne += 1 # format class description if cls.__module__ == "__main__": name = cls.__name__ else: name = "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__) doc = cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.split("\n")[0] or "" desc = doc and '%s: %s' % (name, doc) or name row = self.REPORT_CLASS_TMPL % dict( style=ne > 0 and 'errorClass' or nf > 0 and 'failClass' or 'passClass', desc=desc, count=np + nf + ne, Pass=np, fail=nf, error=ne, cid='c%s' % (cid + 1), ) rows.append(row) for tid, (n, t, o, e) in enumerate(cls_results): self._generate_report_test(rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e) report = self.REPORT_TMPL % dict( test_list=''.join(rows), count=str(result.success_count + result.failure_count + result.error_count), Pass=str(result.success_count), fail=str(result.failure_count), error=str(result.error_count), ) return report def _generate_chart(self, result): chart = self.ECHARTS_SCRIPT % dict( Pass=str(result.success_count), fail=str(result.failure_count), error=str(result.error_count), ) return chart def _generate_report_test(self, rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e): # e.g. 'pt1.1', 'ft1.1', etc has_output = bool(o or e) tid = (n == 0 and 'p' or 'f') + 't%s.%s' % (cid + 1, tid + 1) name = t.id().split('.')[-1] doc = t.shortDescription() or "" desc = doc and ('%s: %s' % (name, doc)) or name tmpl = has_output and self.REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL or self.REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL script = self.REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL % dict( id=tid, output=saxutils.escape(o + e), ) row = tmpl % dict( tid=tid, Class=(n == 0 and 'hiddenRow' or 'none'), style=(n == 2 and 'errorCase' or (n == 1 and 'failCase' or 'none')), desc=desc, script=script, status=self.STATUS[n], ) rows.append(row) if not has_output: return def _generate_ending(self): return self.ENDING_TMPL ############################################################################## # Facilities for running tests from the command line ############################################################################## # Note: Reuse unittest.TestProgram to launch test. In the future we may # build our own launcher to support more specific command line # parameters like test title, CSS, etc. class TestProgram(unittest.TestProgram): """ A variation of the unittest.TestProgram. Please refer to the base class for command line parameters. """ def runTests(self): # Pick HTMLTestRunner as the default test runner. # base class's testRunner parameter is not useful because it means # we have to instantiate HTMLTestRunner before we know self.verbosity. if self.testRunner is None: self.testRunner = HTMLTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity) unittest.TestProgram.runTests(self) main = TestProgram ############################################################################## # Executing this module from the command line ############################################################################## if __name__ == "__main__": main(module=None)

九、Python+unittest+requests+HTMLTestRunner完整的接口自动化测试框架搭建_08——调用生成测试报告

先别急着创建runAll.py文件（所有工作做完，最后我们运行runAll.py文件来执行接口自动化的测试工作并生成测试报告发送报告到相关人邮箱），但是我们在创建此文件前，还缺少点东东。按我的目录结构创建caselist.txt文件，内容如下：

user/test01case #user/test02case #user/test03case #user/test04case #user/test05case #shop/test_shop_list #shop/test_my_shop #shop/test_new_shop

这个文件的作用是，我们通过这个文件来控制，执行哪些模块下的哪些unittest用例文件。如在实际的项目中：user模块下的test01case.py，店铺shop模块下的我的店铺my_shop，如果本轮无需执行哪些模块的用例的话，就在前面添加#。我们继续往下走，还缺少一个发送邮件的文件。在common下创建configEmail.py文件，内容如下：

# import os # import win32com.client as win32 # import datetime # import readConfig # import getpathInfo # # # read_conf = readConfig.ReadConfig() # subject = read_conf.get_email('subject')#从配置文件中读取，邮件主题 # app = str(read_conf.get_email('app'))#从配置文件中读取，邮件类型 # addressee = read_conf.get_email('addressee')#从配置文件中读取，邮件收件人 # cc = read_conf.get_email('cc')#从配置文件中读取，邮件抄送人 # mail_path = os.path.join(getpathInfo.get_Path(), 'result', 'report.html')#获取测试报告路径 # # class send_email(): # def outlook(self): # olook = win32.Dispatch("%s.Application" % app) # mail = olook.CreateItem(win32.constants.olMailItem) # mail.To = addressee # 收件人 # mail.CC = cc # 抄送 # mail.Subject = str(datetime.datetime.now())[0:19]+'%s' %subject#邮件主题 # mail.Attachments.Add(mail_path, 1, 1, "myFile") # content = """ # 执行测试中…… # 测试已完成！！ # 生成报告中…… # 报告已生成…… # 报告已邮件发送！！ # """ # mail.Body = content # mail.Send() # # # if __name__ == '__main__':# 运营此文件来验证写的send_email是否正确 # print(subject) # send_email().outlook() # print("send email ok!!!!!!!!!!") # 两种方式，第一种是用的win32com,因为系统等各方面原因，反馈win32问题较多，建议改成下面的smtplib方式 import os import smtplib import base64 from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart class SendEmail(object): def __init__(self, username, passwd, recv, title, content, file=None, ssl=False, email_host='smtp.163.com', port=25, ssl_port=465): self.username = username # 用户名 self.passwd = passwd # 密码 self.recv = recv # 收件人，多个要传list ['a@qq.com','b@qq.com] self.title = title # 邮件标题 self.content = content # 邮件正文 self.file = file # 附件路径，如果不在当前目录下，要写绝对路径 self.email_host = email_host # smtp服务器地址 self.port = port # 普通端口 self.ssl = ssl # 是否安全链接 self.ssl_port = ssl_port # 安全链接端口 def send_email(self): msg = MIMEMultipart() # 发送内容的对象 if self.file: # 处理附件的 file_name = os.path.split(self.file)[-1] # 只取文件名，不取路径 try: f = open(self.file, 'rb').read() except Exception as e: raise Exception('附件打不开！！！！') else: att = MIMEText(f, "base64", "utf-8") att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' # base64.b64encode(file_name.encode()).decode() new_file_name = '=?utf-8?b?' + base64.b64encode(file_name.encode()).decode() + '?=' # 这里是处理文件名为中文名的，必须这么写 att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % (new_file_name) msg.attach(att) msg.attach(MIMEText(self.content)) # 邮件正文的内容 msg['Subject'] = self.title # 邮件主题 msg['From'] = self.username # 发送者账号 msg['To'] = ','.join(self.recv) # 接收者账号列表 if self.ssl: self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.email_host, port=self.ssl_port) else: self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.email_host, port=self.port) # 发送邮件服务器的对象 self.smtp.login(self.username, self.passwd) try: self.smtp.sendmail(self.username, self.recv, msg.as_string()) pass except Exception as e: print('出错了。。', e) else: print('发送成功！') self.smtp.quit() if __name__ == '__main__': m = SendEmail( username='@163.com', passwd='', recv=[''], title='', content='测试发送邮件', file=r'E:\test_record\v2.3.3\测试截图\调整样式.png', ssl=True, ) m.send_email()

运行configEmail.py验证邮件发送是否正确

邮件已发送成功，我们进入到邮箱中进行查看，一切OK~~不过这我要说明一下，我写的send_email是调用的outlook，如果您的电脑本地是使用的其他邮件服务器的话，这块的代码需要修改为您想使用的邮箱调用代码

如果遇到发送的多个收件人，但是只有第一个收件人可以收到邮件，或者收件人为空可以参考www.jb51.net/article/197064.htm

继续往下走，这下我们该创建我们的runAll.py文件了

import os import common.HTMLTestRunner as HTMLTestRunner import getpathInfo import unittest import readConfig from common.configEmail import SendEmail from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler import pythoncom # import common.Log send_mail = SendEmail( username='@163.com', passwd='', recv=[''], title='', content='测试发送邮件', file=r'E:\test_record\v2.3.3\测试截图\调整样式.png', ssl=True, ) path = getpathInfo.get_Path() report_path = os.path.join(path, 'result') on_off = readConfig.ReadConfig().get_email('on_off') # log = common.Log.logger class AllTest:#定义一个类AllTest def __init__(self):#初始化一些参数和数据 global resultPath resultPath = os.path.join(report_path, "report.html")#result/report.html self.caseListFile = os.path.join(path, "caselist.txt")#配置执行哪些测试文件的配置文件路径 self.caseFile = os.path.join(path, "testCase")#真正的测试断言文件路径 self.caseList = [] def set_case_list(self): """ 读取caselist.txt文件中的用例名称，并添加到caselist元素组 :return: """ fb = open(self.caseListFile) for value in fb.readlines(): data = str(value) if data != '' and not data.startswith("#"):# 如果data非空且不以#开头 self.caseList.append(data.replace("\n", ""))#读取每行数据会将换行转换为\n，去掉每行数据中的\n fb.close() def set_case_suite(self): """ :return: """ self.set_case_list()#通过set_case_list()拿到caselist元素组 test_suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite_module = [] for case in self.caseList:#从caselist元素组中循环取出case case_name = case.split("/")[-1]#通过split函数来将aaa/bbb分割字符串，-1取后面，0取前面 print(case_name+".py")#打印出取出来的名称 #批量加载用例，第一个参数为用例存放路径，第一个参数为路径文件名 discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(self.caseFile, pattern=case_name + '.py', top_level_dir=None) suite_module.append(discover)#将discover存入suite_module元素组 print('suite_module:'+str(suite_module)) if len(suite_module) > 0:#判断suite_module元素组是否存在元素 for suite in suite_module:#如果存在，循环取出元素组内容，命名为suite for test_name in suite:#从discover中取出test_name，使用addTest添加到测试集 test_suite.addTest(test_name) else: print('else:') return None return test_suite#返回测试集 def run(self): """ run test :return: """ try: suit = self.set_case_suite()#调用set_case_suite获取test_suite print('try') print(str(suit)) if suit is not None:#判断test_suite是否为空 print('if-suit') fp = open(resultPath, 'wb')#打开result/20181108/report.html测试报告文件，如果不存在就创建 #调用HTMLTestRunner runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title='Test Report', description='Test Description') runner.run(suit) else: print("Have no case to test.") except Exception as ex: print(str(ex)) #log.info(str(ex)) finally: print("*********TEST END*********") #log.info("*********TEST END*********") fp.close() #判断邮件发送的开关 if on_off == 'on': send_mail.send_email() else: print("邮件发送开关配置关闭，请打开开关后可正常自动发送测试报告") # pythoncom.CoInitialize() # scheduler = BlockingScheduler() # scheduler.add_job(AllTest().run, 'cron', day_of_week='1-5', hour=14, minute=59) # scheduler.start() if __name__ == '__main__': AllTest().run()

执行runAll.py，进到邮箱中查看发送的测试结果报告，打开查看

然后继续，我们框架到这里就算基本搭建好了，但是缺少日志的输出，在一些关键的参数调用的地方我们来输出一些日志。从而更方便的来维护和查找问题。

按目录结构继续在common下创建Log.py，内容如下：

import os import logging from logging.handlers import TimedRotatingFileHandler import getpathInfo path = getpathInfo.get_Path() log_path = os.path.join(path, 'result') # 存放log文件的路径 class Logger(object): def __init__(self, logger_name='logs…'): self.logger = logging.getLogger(logger_name) logging.root.setLevel(logging.NOTSET) self.log_file_name = 'logs' # 日志文件的名称 self.backup_count = 5 # 最多存放日志的数量 # 日志输出级别 self.console_output_level = 'WARNING' self.file_output_level = 'DEBUG' # 日志输出格式 self.formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s') def get_logger(self): """在logger中添加日志句柄并返回，如果logger已有句柄，则直接返回""" if not self.logger.handlers: # 避免重复日志 console_handler = logging.StreamHandler() console_handler.setFormatter(self.formatter) console_handler.setLevel(self.console_output_level) self.logger.addHandler(console_handler) # 每天重新创建一个日志文件，最多保留backup_count份 file_handler = TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=os.path.join(log_path, self.log_file_name), when='D', interval=1, backupCount=self.backup_count, delay=True, encoding='utf-8') file_handler.setFormatter(self.formatter) file_handler.setLevel(self.file_output_level) self.logger.addHandler(file_handler) return self.logger logger = Logger().get_logger()

然后我们在需要我们输出日志的地方添加日志：

我们修改runAll.py文件，在顶部增加import common.Log，然后增加标红框的代码

让我们再来运行一下runAll.py文件，发现在result下多了一个logs文件，我们打开看一下有没有我们打印的日志

OK，至此我们的接口自动化测试的框架就搭建完了，后续我们可以将此框架进行进一步优化改造，使用我们真实项目的接口，结合持续集成定时任务等，让这个项目每天定时的来跑啦~~~

2020年9月23追加

一、、最近有太多人反馈，执行通过后report.html文件中内容为空，这个基本上多数原因是因为用例执行异常报错，导致没有成功执行用例，所以没有生成数据。大家可以运行testCase下的test01Case.py等用例文件，看是不是运行报错了。如果运行成功，再去执行runAll试一下

完整的框架源码下载

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