DRF 视图组件有哪些具体应用场景？

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你问如何用DRF视图组件快速写接口？九九归一剑法早准备，没有副作用！+ 目录+ DRF+ 视图组件+ 视图组件大纲+ 两个基本视图类+ 五个扩展类+ 九个子类视图+ 视图集+ 常用视图集父类+ 魔法

你问我使用DRF视图组件快速写接口？九九归一剑诀早就准备好了，没有副作用！

DRF 视图组件
视图组件大纲
- 两个视图基本类
- 五个扩展类
- 九个子类视图
- 视图集
  - 常用视图集父类
  - 魔法类
- 一览表
DRF中视图的“七十二变”
- 第一层：基于APIview的五个接口
  - 第一层五个接口demo
- 第二层：基于GenericAPIView的五个接口
  - 常用类属性：
  - 第二层五个接口demo
- 第三层：基于GenericAPIView+五个视图扩展类写
  - 第三层五个接口demo
  - GenericAPIView速写五个接口demo
- 第四层：GenericAPIView+九个视图子类写五个接口
  - 第四层快速写五个接口demo
- 第五层：基于ViewSet写五个接口
  - 第五层基于ModelViewSet视图集写五个接口demo
  - ReadOnlyModelViewSet视图集
  - 两个视图集总结：
  - 其他视图集
    - ViewSet
    - GenericViewSet
    - ViewSetMixin
- 总结
- 补充
  - 视图集中定义附加action动作
  - action属性

DRF 视图组件

DRF框架提供了很多通用的视图基类与扩展类，上篇使用的APIView是比较偏Base的，视图的使用更加简化了代码，这里介绍一下其他视图的用法

Django REST framwork 提供的视图的主要作用：

控制序列化器的执行（检验、保存、转换数据）
控制数据库查询的执行

先来看看这其中的人情世故：两个视图基本类，五个扩展类，九个视图子类，视图集方法，视图集··

视图组件大纲两个视图基本类

导入：

from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

APIView：DRF最顶层视图类
GenericAPIView：DRF通用视图类

五个扩展类

扩展类不是视图类，没有集成APIView，需要配合GenericAPIView使用，因为五个扩展类的实现需要调用GenericAPIView提供的序列化器与数据库查询的方法

主要是用来对数据进行增删改查

导入

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin

CreateModelMixin
ListModelMixin
DestroyModelMixin
RetrieveModelMixin
UpdateModelMixin

九个子类视图

导入

from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,ListAPIView,DestroyAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView,ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView

视图子类其实可以理解为GenericAPIView通用视图类和Mixin扩展类的排列组合组成的，底层事通过封装和继承来写

CreateAPIView

提供 post 方法继承自： GenericAPIView、CreateModelMixin
ListAPIView

提供 get 方法继承自：GenericAPIView、ListModelMixin
DestroyAPIView

提供 delete 方法继承自：GenericAPIView、DestoryModelMixin
RetrieveAPIView

提供 get 方法继承自: GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin
UpdateAPIView

提供 put 和 patch 方法继承自：GenericAPIView、UpdateModelMixin
ListCreateAPIView

提供get 和 post方法继承自：ListModelMixin、CreateModelMixin、GenericAPIView
RetrieveUpdateAPIView

提供 get、put、patch方法继承自： GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin
RetrieveDestroyAPIView

提供：get、delete方法继承自：RetrieveModelMixin、DestroyModelMixin、GenericAPIView
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

提供 get、put、patch、delete方法继承自：GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin、DestoryModelMixin

视图集

导入

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet,ReadOnlyModelViewSet,ViewSet,GenericViewSet,ViewSetMixin 常用视图集父类

ModelViewSet：继承自GenericViewSet，同时包括了ListModelMixin、RetrieveModelMixin、CreateModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin、DestoryModelMixin。
ReadOnlyModelViewSet：继承自GenericViewSet，同时包括了ListModelMixin、RetrieveModelMixin。
ViewSet：继承自APIView与ViewSetMixin，作用也与APIView基本类似，提供了身份认证、权限校验、流量管理等。ViewSet主要通过继承ViewSetMixin来实现在调用as_view()时传入字典（{'get':'list'}）的映射处理工作。
- 在ViewSet中，没有提供任何动作action方法，需要我们自己实现action方法。
GenericViewSet：使用ViewSet通常并不方便，因为list、retrieve、create、update、destory等方法都需要自己编写，而这些方法与前面讲过的Mixin扩展类提供的方法同名，所以我们可以通过继承Mixin扩展类来复用这些方法而无需自己编写。但是Mixin扩展类依赖与GenericAPIView，所以还需要继承GenericAPIView。
- GenericViewSet就帮助我们完成了这样的继承工作，继承自GenericAPIView与ViewSetMixin,在实现了调用as_view()时传入字典（如{'get':'list'}`）的映射处理工作的同时，还提供了GenericAPIView提供的基础方法，可以直接搭配Mixin扩展类使用。

魔法类

ViewSetMixin：控制自动生成路由

一览表

DRF中视图的“七十二变”

第一层是继承APIView写，第二层基于基于GenericAPIView写，第三层基于GenericAPIView+五个扩展类写，第四层通过九个视图子类来写，第五层是通过ViewSet写

ps：第几层是我意淫出来的词不要介意~，一层更比一层牛，欲练此功必先自宫！！！

第一层：基于APIview的五个接口

class BookView(APIView): def get(self, requets): # 序列化 book_list = models.Book.objects.all() # 序列化多条数据many=True ser = serializer.BookSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True) return Response(ser.data) def post(self, request): # 获取反序列化数据 ser = serializer.BookSerializer(data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): # 校验通过存入数据库，不需要重写create方法了 ser.save() return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '新增成功', 'data': ser.data}) # 校验失败 return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': '校验未通过', 'error': ser.errors}) class BookViewDetail(APIView): def get(self, request, pk): book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() ser = serializer.BookSerializer(instance=book) return Response(ser.data) def put(self, request, pk): book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() # 修改，instance和data都要传 ser = serializer.BookSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): # 校验通过修改，不需要重写update ser.save() return Response({'code:': 100, 'msg': '修改成功', 'data': ser.data}) # 校验不通过 return Response({'code:': 102, 'msg': '校验未通过，修改失败', 'error': ser.errors}) def delete(self, request, pk): models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'}) 第一层五个接口demo

ModelSerializer序列化器实战 - HammerZe - 自由互联 (cnblogs.com)

第二层：基于GenericAPIView的五个接口常用类属性：

-GenericAPIView 继承了APIView，封装了一些属性和方法，跟数据库打交道 -queryset = None # 指定序列化集 -serializer_class = None # 指定序列化类 -lookup_field = 'pk' # 查询单条，分组分出来的参数，转换器对象参数的名字 -filter_backends # 过滤排序功能会用它 -pagination_class # 分页功能 -get_queryset() # 获取要序列化的数据,后期可能会重写 -get_object() # 通过lookup_field查询的 -get_serializer() # 使用它序列化 -get_serializer_class() # 返回序列化类，后期可能重写 demo： # 指定序列化集 queryset = models.Book.objects.all() # 指定序列化类 serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer 第二层五个接口demo

from rest_framework.response import Response from app01 import models from app01 import serializer from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView # 书视图类 class BookView(GenericAPIView): # 指定序列化集 queryset = models.Book.objects.all() # 指定序列化类 serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer def get(self, requets): # obj = self.queryset() obj = self.get_queryset() # 等同于上面 # ser = self.get_serializer_class()(instance=obj,many=True) ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj,many=True) # 等同于上面 return Response(ser.data) def post(self, request): # 获取反序列化数据 # ser = serializer.BookSerializer(data=request.data) ser = self.get_serializer(data = request.data) if ser.is_valid(): # 校验通过存入数据库，不需要重写create方法了 ser.save() return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '新增成功', 'data': ser.data}) # 校验失败 return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': '校验未通过', 'error': ser.errors}) class BookViewDetail(GenericAPIView): # 指定序列化集 queryset = models.Book.objects.all() # 指定序列化类 serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer def get(self, request, pk): # book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() book = self.get_object() # 根据pk拿到单个对象 # ser = serializer.BookSerializer(instance=book) ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book) return Response(ser.data) def put(self, request, pk): # book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() book = self.get_object() # 修改，instance和data都要传 # ser = serializer.BookSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data) ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book,data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): # 校验通过修改，不需要重写update ser.save() return Response({'code:': 100, 'msg': '修改成功', 'data': ser.data}) # 校验不通过 return Response({'code:': 102, 'msg': '校验未通过，修改失败', 'error': ser.errors}) def delete(self, request, pk): # models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() self.get_object().delete() return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})

路由

path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()), path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookViewDetail.as_view())

总结：到第二层只需修改queryset和serializer_class类属性即可，其余都不需要修改

注意：虽然pk没有在orm语句中过滤使用，但是路由分组要用，所以不能删，或者写成*args **kwargs接收多余的参数，且路由转换器必须写成pk

# 源码 lookup_field = 'pk' lookup_url_kwarg = None

get_queryset()方法可以重写，如果我们需要在一个视图类内操作另外表模型，来指定序列化的数据

class BookViewDetail(GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() ··· ''' 指定序列化数据的格式： self.queryset() self.get_queryset() # 等同于上面 queryset = models.Book.objects.all() ''' # 可以重写get_queryset方法在book视图类里操作作者模型 def get_queryset(self,request): if self.request.path == '/user' return Author.objects.all() ··· # 这样序列化的数据就不一样了，根据不同的条件序列化不同的数据 '''当然还可以通过重写get_serializer_class来返回其他序列化器类''' 第三层：基于GenericAPIView+五个视图扩展类写

五个视图扩展类：from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin

通过GenericAPIView+视图扩展类来使得代码更简单，一个接口对应一个扩展类，注意扩展类不是视图类

ListModelMixin：获取所有API，对应list()方法
CreateModelMixin：新增一条API，对应create()方法
UpdateModelMixin：修改一条API，对应update()方法
RetrieveModelMixin：获取一条API，对应retrieve()方法
DestroyModelMixin：删除一条API，对应destroy()方法

注意：CreateModelMixin扩展类提供了更高级的方法，可以通过重写来校验数据存入

def perform_create(self, serializer): serializer.save() 第三层五个接口demo

from app01 import models from app01 import serializer from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin # 获取所有和新增API class BookView(ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer def get(self, request): return super().list(request) def post(self, request): return super().create(request) # 获取删除修改单个API class BookViewDetail(UpdateModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer def get(self, request, *args,**kwargs): return super().retrieve(request, *args,**kwargs) def put(self, request, *args,**kwargs): return super().update(request, *args,**kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args,**kwargs): return super().destroy(request, *args,**kwargs)

总结

通过进一次封装+继承代码也变得越来越少了

GenericAPIView速写五个接口demo

模型

from django.db import models # Create your models here. # build four model tables class Book(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=2, max_digits=5) publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') def __str__(self): return self.name # 自定制字段 @property def publish_detail(self): return {'name': self.publish.name, 'addr': self.publish.city} @property def author_list(self): l = [] print(self.authors.all()) # <QuerySet [<Author: Author object (1)>, <Author: Author object (2)>]> for author in self.authors.all(): print(author.author_detail) # AuthorDetail object (1) l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age, 'addr': author.author_detail.addr}) return l class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return self.name @property def authordetail_info(self): return {'phone':self.author_detail.telephone,'addr':self.author_detail.addr} class AuthorDetail(models.Model): telephone = models.BigIntegerField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Publish(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField()

序列化器

视图

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, \ UpdateModelMixin from app01 import models from app01 import serializer # 书视图类 class BookView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer def get(self, request): return super().list(request) def post(self, request): return super().create(request) class BookViewDetail(RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs) # 作者 class AuthorView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Author.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.AuthorSerializer def get(self, request): return super().list(request) def post(self, request): return super().create(request) class AuthorViewDetail(RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Author.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.AuthorSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs) # 作者详情 class AuthorDetailView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.AuthorDetail.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.AuthorDetailSerializer def get(self, request): return super().list(request) def post(self, request): return super().create(request) class OneAuthorViewDetail(RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.AuthorDetail.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.AuthorDetailSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs) # 出版社 class PublishView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.PublishSerializer def get(self, request): return super().list(request) def post(self, request): return super().create(request) class PublishViewDetail(RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.PublishSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

路由

from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), # 书 path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()), path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookViewDetail.as_view()), # 作者 path('authors/', views.AuthorView.as_view()), path('authors/<int:pk>', views.AuthorViewDetail.as_view()), # 作者详情 path('authorsdetail/', views.AuthorDetailView.as_view()), path('authorsdetail/<int:pk>', views.OneAuthorViewDetail.as_view()), # 出版社 path('publish/', views.PublishView.as_view()), path('publish/<int:pk>', views.PublishViewDetail.as_view()), ]

Postman以及测完，请放心使用~

第四层：GenericAPIView+九个视图子类写五个接口

导入视图子类：from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,ListAPIView,DestroyAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView,ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView

使用哪个继承哪个就可以了，具体可以看继承的父类里有什么方法不需要刻意去记

from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,ListAPIView,DestroyAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView,ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView # 1、查询所有,新增API class BookView(ListCreateAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer # 2、新增接口 class BookView(CreateAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer # 3、查询接口 class BookView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer # 4、查询单个，修改一个，删除一个接口 class BookViewDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer # 5、查询单个接口 class BookViewDetail(RetrieveAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer # 6、修改单个接口 class BookViewDetail(UpdateAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer # 7、删除单个接口 class BookViewDetail(DestroyAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer # 8、查询单个、修改接口 class BookViewDetail(RetrieveUpdateAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer # 9、查询单个、删除接口 class BookViewDetail(RetrieveDestroyAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer '''上述共九个视图子类，九九归一剑诀~''' # 更新和删除接口自己整合 class BookViewDetail(UpdateAPIView,DestroyAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer 第四层快速写五个接口demo

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView from app01 import models from app01 import serializer class BookView(ListCreateAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer class BookViewDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer '''其余的和第三层一样''' 第五层：基于ViewSet写五个接口

视图集导入：from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet,ReadOnlyModelViewSet,ViewSet,GenericViewSet,ViewSetMixin

路由导入：from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter,DefaultRouter

基于ViewSet视图集写，需要我们配置路由

方法一

from django.urls import path, include from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter from app01 import views router = SimpleRouter() router.register('books', views.BookView, 'books') urlpatterns = [ ... ] urlpatterns += router.urls ''' register(self, prefix, viewset, basename=None) prefix：路由url前缀 viewset：处理请求的viewset类 basename：路由名称的前缀，一般和prefix写成一样就行 ''' # 等同于 path('books/'),include(router.urls) path('books/<int:pk>'),include(router.urls)
方法二

router = SimpleRouter() router.register('books', views.BookView, 'books') urlpatterns = [ ... url(r'^', include(router.urls)) ] # 生成两种路由 path('/api/v1'),include(router.urls) # [<URLPattern '^books/$' [name='books-list']>, <URLPattern '^books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$' [name='books-detail']>] # 等同于自己配的 path('/api/v1/books/'),include(router.urls) path('/api/v1/books/<int:pk>'),include(router.urls)
异同：
- 同：方法一和方法二都可以自动生成路由，代替了下面的路由
  
  path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()), path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookViewDetail.as_view()),
- 异：方法二可以拼接路径，如果不拼接是和方法一一样的

两种不同的路由

第五层基于ModelViewSet视图集写五个接口demo

views.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet,ReadOnlyModelViewSet,ViewSet,GenericViewSet,ViewSetMixin class BookView(ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer

urls.py

from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter from app01 import views router = SimpleRouter() router.register('books', views.BookView, 'books') urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('api/v1/',include(router.urls)), ]

ps：剩下的都一样~

ReadOnlyModelViewSet视图集

继承该ReadOnlyModelViewSet视图集的作用是只读，只做查询，修改删除等操作不允许

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet,ReadOnlyModelViewSet,ViewSet,GenericViewSet,ViewSetMixin class BookView(ReadOnlyModelViewSet): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer

两个视图集总结：

ModelViewSet可以写五个接口，而ReadOnlyModelViewSet只能写两个接口

本质

ModelViewSet继承了五个视图扩展类+GenericViewSet，GenericViewSet继承了ViewSetMixin+GenericAPIView

PS：ViewSetMixin控制了路由写法
ReadOnlyModelViewSet继承了RetrieveModelMixin+ListModelMixin+GenericViewSet

其他视图集 ViewSet

ViewSet = ViewSetMixin+APIView

class ViewSet(ViewSetMixin, views.APIView): """ The base ViewSet class does not provide any actions by default. """ pass GenericViewSet

GenericViewSet = ViewSetMixin+GenericAPIView

class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): """ The GenericViewSet class does not provide any actions by default, but does include the base set of generic view behavior, such as the `get_object` and `get_queryset` methods. """ pass ViewSetMixin

魔术视图类，控制自动生成路由，可以通过组合继承，以前的写法可以继续使用，但是如果要自动生成路由必须得继承ViewSetMixin及其子类；或者选择继承ViewSet、GenericViewSet

class ViewSetMixin: """ This is the magic. Overrides `.as_view()` so that it takes an `actions` keyword that performs the binding of HTTP methods to actions on the Resource. For example, to create a concrete view binding the 'GET' and 'POST' methods to the 'list' and 'create' actions... view = MyViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}) """ 这就是魔法。重写' .as_view() '，以便它接受一个' actions '关键字执行将HTTP方法绑定到资源上的动作。例如，创建绑定'GET'和'POST'方法的具体视图到“列表”和“创建”动作… = MyViewSet视图。 As_view ({'get': 'list'， 'post': 'create'}) 总结

第一层：基于APIView写视图，get、post、put、delete都需要自己写，序列化的数据和序列化类需要获取后指定

class BookView(APIView): def get(self, requets): book_list = models.Book.objects.all() ser = serializer.BookSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True) return Response(ser.data)
第二层：基于GenericAPIView写视图，优化了视图类内序列化数据和序列化类的代码冗余问题，通过queryset和serializer_class指定序列化集和序列化器即可，一个视图类内写一次即可，最后通过get_queryset和get_serializer方法处理

class BookView(GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer def get(self, requets): obj = self.get_queryset() ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj,many=True) return Response(ser.data)
第三层：基于GenericAPIView+5个视图扩展类写视图，每个扩展类对应一个接口，更加细化，通过继承父类(扩展类)减少了代码的冗余

class BookView(ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer def get(self, request): return super().list(request)
第四层，基于九个视图子类写，视图子类将扩展类和GenericAPIView封装到一块，使得我们要写的代码更少了，总之就是牛逼~

class BookView(ListCreateAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer
第五层，基于ViewSet写视图，这样以来5个接口就都在一个视图类内，代码更少了，但是可扩展性低了，路由也是问题，get所有和get一条路由冲突需要修改

class BookView(ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = serializer.BookSerializer '''路由''' router = SimpleRouter() router.register('books', views.BookView, 'books') urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('api/v1/',include(router.urls)), ]

补充视图集中定义附加action动作

在视图集中，除了上述默认的方法动作外，还可以添加自定义动作。

举例：

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet,ReadOnlyModelViewSet class StudentModelViewSet(ModelViewSet): queryset = Student.objects.all() serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer def login(self,request): """学生登录功能""" return Response({"message":"登录成功"})

url的定义

urlpatterns = [ path("students8/", views.StudentModelViewSet.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})), re_path("students8/(?P<pk>\d+)/", views.StudentModelViewSet.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"})), path("stu/login/",views.StudentModelViewSet.as_view({"get":"login"})) ] action属性

在视图集中，我们可以通过action对象属性来获取当前请求视图集时的action动作是哪个。

例如：

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet from students.models import Student from .serializers import StudentModelSerializer from rest_framework.response import Response class StudentModelViewSet(ModelViewSet): queryset = Student.objects.all() serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer def get_new_5(self,request): """获取最近添加的5个学生信息""" # 操作数据库 print(self.action) # 获取本次请求的视图方法名通过路由访问到当前方法中.可以看到本次的action就是请求的方法名

累死

标签：drf 视图组件你问我