SpringCloudAlibaba微服务环境搭建步骤详解（二）如何进行？

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微服务环境搭建，以我们使用的电商项目的商品、订单、用户为例进行讲解。2.1 案例准备2.1.1 技术选型：Maven2.1.2 模块：数据库：MySQL，持久层：Spring Data JPA，应用框架：Spring Cloud Alibaba技术栈

微服务环境搭建

我们这次是使用的电商项目的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解

2.1 案例准备 2.1.1 技术选型

• maven ：3.3.9
• 数据库：mysql
• 持久层：SpringData JPA
• SpringCloud Alibaba技术栈

2.1.2 模块设计

• springcloud-alibaba 父工程
• shop-common 公共模块
• shop-user 用户模块
• shop-product 商品模块
• shop-order 订单模块

2.1.3 微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来 演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务 查询商品的信息
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者.

2.2创建父工程

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version> </parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project>

对应版本：

www.cnblogs.com/onehm/p/13931711.html

2.3创建基础模块 2.3.1 shop-common模块

1. 在pom中添加依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.79</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.49</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

2. 创建实体类

   /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.entity * ClassName：User * Description：用户 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22 * ----------------------------- */ @Entity(name = "shop-user") @Data public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer uid; private String username; private String password; private String telephone; }

   /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.entity * ClassName：Product * Description：商品 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22 * ----------------------------- */ @Entity(name = "shop-product") @Data public class Product { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private String pname; private Double price; private Integer stock; }

   /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.entity * ClassName：Order * Description：订单 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22 * ----------------------------- */ @Entity(name = "shop-order") @Data public class Order { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long oid; private Integer uid; private String username; }

2.4 创建用户微服务

步骤：

1. 创建模块
2. 创建SpringBoot主类
3. 加入配置文件
4. 创建必要的接口和实现类

创建一个shop-user模块，然后进行下面操作

1. 创建pom

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

2. 编写主类

   package com.ityml; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml * ClassName：UserApplication * Description：启动类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22 * ----------------------------- */ @SpringBootApplication public class UserApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class,args); } }

3. 创建配置文件

   server: port: 8080 spring: application: name: service-user datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:// username: data-password: jpa: properties: hibernate: hbm2ddl: auto: update dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

2.5 创建商品微服务

1. 创建一个名为shop-product的模块，并添加springboot依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

2. 创建工程主类

   package com.ityml; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml * ClassName：ProductApplication * Description：商品主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ @SpringBootApplication public class ProductApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class,args); } }

3. 创建配置文件application.yml

   server: port: 8080 spring: application: name: service-product datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:// username: data-password: jpa: properties: hibernate: hbm2ddl: auto: update dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

4. 创建ProductDao接口

   package com.ityml.dao; import com.ityml.entity.Product; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.dao * ClassName：ProductDao * Description： * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> { }

5. 创建ProductService接口和实现类

   package com.ityml.service; import com.ityml.entity.Product; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.service * ClassName：ProductService * Description： * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ public interface ProductService { Product findById(Integer pid); }

   package com.ityml.impl; import com.ityml.dao.ProductDao; import com.ityml.entity.Product; import com.ityml.service.ProductService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.impl * ClassName：ProductServiceImpl * Description：实现类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ @Service public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService { @Autowired private ProductDao productDao; @Override public Product findById(Integer pid) { return productDao.findById(pid).get(); } }

6. 创建Controller

   package com.ityml.controller; import com.ityml.entity.Product; import com.ityml.service.ProductService; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.controller * ClassName：ProductController * Description：主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ @RestController @Slf4j public class ProductController { @Autowired private ProductService productService; @GetMapping("/product/{pid}") public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid){ Product product = productService.findById(pid); return product; } }

7. 启动工程

2.6 创建订单微服务

1. 创建一个名为shop-order的模块，并添加springboot依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId> <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

2. 创建工程主类

   package com.ityml; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml * ClassName：OrderApplication * Description：主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ @SpringBootApplication public class OrderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args); } }

3. 创建配置文件

   server: port: 8080 spring: application: name: service-order datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:// username: data-password: jpa: properties: hibernate: hbm2ddl: auto: update dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

4. 创建OrderDao接口

   package com.ityml.dao; import com.ityml.entity.Order; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.dao * ClassName：ProductDao * Description： * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Integer> { }

5. 创建OrderService接口和实现类

   package com.ityml.service; import com.ityml.entity.Order; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.service * ClassName：ProductService * Description： * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ public interface OrderService { void save(Order order); }

6. 创建RestTemplate

   package com.ityml; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml * ClassName：OrderApplication * Description：主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ @SpringBootApplication public class OrderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args); } @Bean public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); } }

7. 创建Controller

   

   package com.ityml.controller; import com.ityml.entity.Order; import com.ityml.entity.Product; import com.ityml.service.OrderService; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.controller * ClassName：OrderController * Description：主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */ @RestController @Slf4j public class OrderController { @Autowired private OrderService orderService; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; /** * 准备买一件商品 * @param pid */ @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}") public void Order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) { Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http:/localhost:8081/product" + pid, Product.class); Order order = new Order(); orderService.save(order); } }

8. 启动工程，通过浏览器访问服务进行测试